A história do verniz para unhas, comumente conhecido como esmalte, é bastante antiga. No princípio era utilizado para registrar o poder e a importância do indivíduo dentro da sociedade, em outras palavras, somente os reis, rainhas e imperadores utilizam das colorações nas unhas.
A história do esmalte na China Antiga
De acordo com alguns registros, o uso do esmalte na China surgiu com a dinastia Chou. A princípio homens e mulheres da realeza coloriam suas unhas com uma espécie de pasta dourada ou prata para simbolizar sua supremacia. O bom trato das unhas, demostravam o lugar privilegiado que a realeza ocupava, pois eles não precisavam fazer trabalhos braçais ou manuais, como os demais súditos.
A história do esmalte no Antigo Egito
Analogamente, no Egito, as tinturas para unhas, antecessores do esmalte, também eram utilizadas e separadas de acordo com a classe social dos indivíduos. Lá, o uso era principalmente por parte das mulheres e a coloração era feita com base em pigmentos a partir de henna. Entretanto, algumas adições eram feitas a mistura, dando variação para tons de vermelho.
Segundo relatos históricos, Cleópatra tinham como sua cor favorita de esmalte para as unhas, um vermelho fechado e intenso. Já Nefertiti, outra rainha egípcia, dava preferências por um tom mais claro de vermelho, que remetia ao brilho dos rubis.
Idade Média e Início do século XX
Eventualmente, com o passar dos anos, as cores mais expressivas, como vermelho e preto, foram dando espaço, para o recato exigido pela Igreja Católica, durante a Idade Média. As unhas eram curtas, os antepassados dos esmaltes foram deixados de lado e as unhas eram apenas aparadas e polidas com tiras de couro.
Posteriormente, com a chegada do século XX e a indústria automobilística, as cores e o verniz voltaram a tona também para as mãos das mulheres. Inesperadamente, as tecnologias utilizadas nas pinturas dos carros, tornou-se a pioneira na fabricação dos esmaltes como conhecemos hoje.
A princípio, na história do esmaltes, só eram encontrados em tonalidades mais claras de rosa e acreditava-se que eles poderiam fazer mal para a saúde das unhas. Embora isso nunca tenha sido testado, as mulheres aderiram a moda de apenas pintar o meio das unhas, surgindo assim a unha meia-lua, onde as partes de cima e de baixo ficavam expostas e somente o meio era tingido.
Irmãos Revlon e as estrelas de cinema
Conforme os anos foram passando, tanto a tecnologia quanto o consumo dos esmaltes foi crescendo. Foi assim, que em meados dos anos 30, dois irmãos, Charles e Joseph Revlon, sendo um deles químico, resolveram investir na produção de esmaltes mais resistentes e com mais opções de cores. Mudando todo o curso da história do esmalte.
Outro ponto que auxiliou bastante a história do esmalte como o conhecemos hoje, foi a popularização do cinema e consequentemente de suas estrelas. Nos anos dourados de Hollywood, atrizes como Marylin Monroe e Rita Hayworth eram símbolos de sensualidade e beleza feminina. Portanto, tudo que elas usavam em cena, virava moda, inclusive os esmaltes vermelhos nas unhas.
Anos 70 e tempos atuais
Da mesma forma que os as cores mais fortes decaíram durante a Idade Média, nos anos que se sucederam no pós-guerra, as tonalidades dos esmaltes voltaram a ser mais claras. Posteriormente, na história do esmalte, no início dos anos 70, surgiram os esmaltes sintéticos e com isso o boom das cores como conhecemos hoje. Eventualmente, as cores mais fortes foram voltando a moda e permaneceram até hoje.
Atualmente, nesse novo capítulo na história do esmalte, além de uma gama enorme de cores, a popularização das unhas postiças e de gel tem ganhado o mercado da moda. São diversos formatos e procedimentos a partir da implantação de gel, fibra de vidro e acrílico. Como as estrelas de cinema anteriormente, hoje as artistas do cenário musical são as maiores inspirações na hora de escolher a cor e o formato das unhas, sendo a tendência agora, unhas mais compridas e com muitos detalhes.
Se você curtiu esse conteúdo, leia também: O que causa a unha amarelada ? e também tendência de cores para 2021.
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